Литература.

Часть 1:

1. Lec, S.J. (1971). Das grosse Buch der unfrisierten Gedanken. Munich: Carl Hanser Verlag.

2. ose, G., Hamilton, P.J.S., Colwell, L. and Shipley, M.J. (1982). A randomised control trial of anti-smoking advice; 10 year results. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 86, 102-108.

3. Adams, J.G.U. (1985). Risk and freedom; The record or road safety regulation. London: Transport Publishing Projects.

4. Wilde, G.J.S. (1984). On the choice of denominator in the calculation of accident rates. In S. Yagar (ed), Transport risk assessment. Waterloo, Ontario: University of Waterloo Press, pp.139-154.

5. Witkin, H.A. and Goodenough, D.R. (1981). Cognitive styles: Essence and origins. New York: International Universities Press.

6. Clark, W.C. (1980). Witches, floods and wonder drugs. In R.C. Schwing and W.A. Albers (eds) Societal risk assessment: How safe is safe enough?. New York: Plenum Press.

7. Alderson, M.R. (1981). International mortality statistics. New York: Facts on File.

8. Wilde, G.J.S. (1988). Risk homeostasis theory and traffic accidents: Propositions, deductions and discussion of dissension in recent reactions. Ergonomics, 31, 441-468.

Часть 2:

1. Hardy, R.N. (1976). Homeostasis. London: Edward Arnold.

2. Langley, L.L. (1965). Homeostasis. New York: Reinhold.

3. Wilde, G.J.S. (1988). Risk homeostasis theory and traffic accidents: Propositions, deductions and discussion of dissension in recent reactions. Ergonomics, 31, 441-468.

4. Wilde, G.J.S. (1982). The theory of risk homeostasis: Implications for safety and health. Risk Analysis, 2, 209-225.

5. In control theory, feedback is called 'positive' when it magnifies the error, that is, when feedback increases the discrepancy between the actual and desired condition.

Часть 3:

1. Lec, S.J. (1971). Das grosse Buch der unfrisierten Gedanken. Munich: Carl Hanser Verlag.

2. Cohen, J. and Preston, B. (1968). Causes and prevention of road accidents. London: Faber and Faber, p. 13.

3. Taylor, D.H. (1964). Drivers' galvanic skin response and the risk of accident. Ergonomics, 7, 439-451, p. 448.

4. Wiener, N. (1952). Cybernetics. New York: Wiley.

5. Ganton, N. and Wilde, G.J.S. (1971). Verbal ratings of estimated danger by drivers and passengers as a function of driving experience. Report prepared for the Road and Motor Vehicle Traffic Safety Division, Ministry of Transport, Ottawa.

6. Moran, A. (1982). Drivers' mental load and subjective risk estimates while driving road sections of different accident histories. Proceedings, 15th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors Association of Canada, pp. 72-75.

7. Hakkert, S. and Hauer, E. (1988). The extent and implications of incomplete and inaccurate road accident reporting. In J.A. Rothengatter and R.A. de Bruin, Road user behaviour: theory and research. Wolfeboro, New Hampshire: van Gorcum.

8. Slovic, P. and Fischhoff, B. (1982). Targeting risk. Risk Analysis, 2, 227-234.

9. Adams, J.G.U. (1985). Risk and Freedom: the record of road safety regulation. London: Transport Publishing Projects.

10. Oppe, S. (1985). Contribution to evaluation of intermediate variables: background paper. Proceedings, Evaluation 85, Paris, May 20-23, pp. 317-323.

11. Michon, J.A. (1979). Personal communication. Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, the Netherlands.

12. Blomquist, G.C. (1988). The regulation of motor vehicle and traffic safety. Boston, Mass.: Kluwer Academic Publishers, p. ix.

13. Joubert, P. (1985). Comment in L. Evans and R.C. Schwing, Human behavior and traffic safety. New York: Plenum Press, p. 144.

14. Evans, L. (1986). Comments on Wilde's notes on "Risk homeostasis theory and traffic accident data". Risk Analysis, 6, 103-107.

15. Evans, L. (1991). Traffic safety and the driver. New York: Van Nostrand, p. 330.

16. Haight, F.A. (1986). Risk, especially risk of traffic accident. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 18, 359-366.

17. Huguenin, R.D. (1982). Zur Problematik von Risikohom?ostasetheorien in der Verkehrspsychologie. Zeitschrift f?r Verkehrssicherheit, 28, 180-187.

18. McKenna, F.P. (1985). Do safety measures really work? An examination of risk homeostasis theory. Ergonomics, 28, 489-498.

19. Meadows, D. (1972). The limits to growth. New York: Universe Books, p. 152.

20. Wilde, G.J.S. (1974). Wirkung und Nutzen von Verkehehrssicherheitskampagnen: Ergebnisse und Forderungen - ein Überblick. Zeitschrift für Verkehrssicherheit, 20, 227-238.

21. Wilde, G.J.S. (1972). General survey of the efficiency and effectiveness of road safety campaigns: Achievements and challenges. Proceedings, International Conference on Road Safety Campaigns. The Hague, October 19-20.

22. Wilde, G.J.S. (1978). Theorie der Riskokompensation der Unfallverursachung und praktische Folgerungen f?r die Unfallverh?tung. Hefte zur Unfallheilkunde, 130, 134-156.

Часть 4:

1. Wilde, G.J.S. (1982). The theory of risk homeostasis: implications for safety and health. Risk Analysis, 2, 209-225.

2. Bouladon, G. (1979). Costs and benefits of motor vehicles. In Urban transport and the environment: background reports. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, in cooperation with the European Conference of Ministers of Transport, Paris, pp. 277-319.

3. Matalon, B. (1978). Do we move for other reasons than going places? Proceedings, Research Conference on Mobility in Urban Life, Arc-en-Senans, Sept. 28-30.

4. Wilde, G.J.S. (1988). Risk homeostasis theory and traffic accidents: propositions, deductions and discussion of dissension in recent reactions. Ergonomics, 31, 441-468.

5. Ebbesen, E.B. & Haney, M. (1973). Flirting with death: variables affecting risk taking at intersections. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 3, 303-324.

6. Langley, L.L. (1965). Homeostasis. New York: Reinhold.

7. Cannon, W.B. (1929). Organization for physiological homeostasis. Physiological Review, 9, 399-431.

8. Bernard, C. (1859). Leçons sur les propriétés physiologiques et les altérations pathologiques des liquides de l'organisme. Paris: J.B. Balliére.

9. Morre-Ede, M.C., Sulzman, F.M. & Fuller, C.A. (1982). The clocks that time us: physiology of the circadian timing system. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.

10. Evans, L. (1986). Risk homeostasis theory and traffic accident data. Human Factors, 27, 555-576.

11. McKenna, F.P. (1987). Behavioural compensation and safety. Safety Science, 9, 107-121.

12. Michon, J.A. (1979). Personal communication. Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, the Netherlands.

13. Janssen, W.H. & Tenkink, R. (1988). Risk homeostasis and its critics: time for an agreement. Ergonomics, 31, 429-433.

14. Oppe, S. (1988). The concept of risk: a decision theoretic approach. Ergonomics, 31, 435-440.

15. Rumar, K. (1988). Collective risk but individual safety. Ergonomics, 31, 507-518.

16. Evans, L. (1985). Human behavior feedback and traffic safety. Human Factors, 27, 555-576.

17. Veling, I.H. (1984). A laboratory test of the constant risk hypothesis. Acta Psychologica, 55, 281-294.

18. Ben-David, G., Lewin, I., Haliva, Y. & Tel-Nir, L. (1972). The influence of personal communications on the driving behaviour of private motorists in Israel. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 4, 269-301.

19. Wilde, G.J.S. (1982). The theory of risk homeostasis: implications for safety and health. Risk Analysis, 2, 209-225.

20. Richter, I.A. (1952). Selections from the Notebooks of Leonardo da Vinci. London: Oxford University Press, p 278.

21. After A.T. Poffenberger (1932), cited by P. Hofst?tter (1986). Gruppendynamik. Hamburg: Rowohlt.

22. Gordon, K. (1924). Group judgments in the field of lifted weights. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 7, 398-400.

23. Peterson, C.R. & Beach, L.R. (1976). Man as an intuitive statistician. Psychological Bulletin, 68, 29-46.

24. Hofstätter, P. (1986). Gruppendynamik. Hamburg: Rowohlt.

25. Svenson, O. (1981). Are we all less risky and more skilful than our fellow drivers? Acta Psychologica, 47, 143-148.

26. DeJoy, D.M. (1989). The optimistic bias and traffic accident risk perception. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 21, 333-340.

27. Wright, G. (1984). Behavioural Decision Theory. Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin.

28. Weinstein, N.D. (1980). Unrealistic optimism about future life events. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 806-912.

29. Horvath, P. & Zuckerman, M. (1993). Sensation seeking, risk appraisal, and risky behavior. Personality and Individual Differences, 14, 41-52.

30. Taylor, S.E. & Brown, J.D. (1988). Illusion and well-being: a social psychological perspective on mental health. Psychological Bulletin, 103, 193-210.

31. Wilde, G.J.S. (1984). On the choice of the denominator for the calculation of accident rates. In S. Yagar (Ed.), Transport risk assessment. Waterloo, Ontario: University of Waterloo Press, pp.139-154.

32. Wilde, G.J.S. (1982). The theory of risk homeostasis: implications for health and safety. Risk Analysis, 2, 209-225.

33. Zahavi, Y. & Ryan, J.M. (1980). Stability of travel components over time. Transportation Research Record, 750, 19-26.

34. Huguenin, R.D. (1982). Zur Problematik von Risikohomöostasetheorien in der Verkehrspsychologie.Zeitschrift für Verkehrssicherheit, 28, 180-187.

35. McKenna, F.P. (1985). Do safety measures really work? An examination of risk homeostasis theory.Ergonomics, 28, 489-498.

36. Underwood, G., Jiang, C. & Howarth, C.I. (1993). Modelling of safety measure effects and risk compensation.Accident Analysis and Prevention, 25, 277-288.

Часть 5:

1. Baudelaire, C. (1930). Les fleurs du mal. Paris: L. Conard.

2. Metzner, G. and Brinkmann, B. (1993). Inaccuracies in the official accident statistics of fatal traffic accidents: Comparative studies in West Germany during two time periods. Journal of Traffic Medicine, 21, 165-169.

3. Hakkert, S. and Hauer, E. (1988). The extent and implications of incomplete and inaccurate road accident reporting. In J.A. Rothengatter and R.A. de Bruin, Road user behaviour: Theory and research. Assen, the Netherlands: van Gorcum.

4. Hutchinson, T.P. (1987). Road accident statistics. Adelaide, Australia: Rumsby Scientific Publishing.

5. Munden, M. (1967). The relation between a driver's speed and his accident rate. Road Research Laboratory, United Kingdom, Report No. LR88.

6. May, A.D. (1959). A friction concept of traffic flow. Proceedings, 30th Annual Meeting of the Highway Research Board. Washington, DC, pp.493-510.

7. National Safety Council (various years). Accident facts. Chicago, Illinois.

8. Wilde, G.J.S. (1991). Economics and Accidents: A commentary. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 24, 81-84.

9. Wilde, G.J.S. (1984). On the choice of denominator for the calculation of accident rates. In S. Yagar (Ed.), Transport risk assessment. Waterloo, Ontario: University of Waterloo Press, pp. 139-154.

10. Statistics Canada, Catalogue No. 52-207, Table 9.

11. McDougall, J.L. (1966). The relative safety of railway and highway operations. Department of Economics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario.

12. Vaupel, J.W. and Yashin, A.I. (1985). Heterogeneity's ruses: some surprising effects of selection on population dynamics. The American Statistician, 39, 176-185.

13. Zlatoper, T.J. (1989). Models explaining motor vehicle death rates in the United States. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 21, 125-154.

14. Plowden, W. (1971). Motor car and politics 1896-1970. London: The Bodley Head.

15. Care on the Road (1986), February, p. 10.

16. Zlatoper, T.J. (1989). Models explaining motor vehicle death rates in the United States. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 21, 125-154.

17. Wilde, G.J.S. (1994). Risk homeostasis theory and its promise for improved safety. In R.M. Trimpop and G.J.S. Wilde (Eds.), Challenges to accident prevention: the issue of risk compensation processes. Groningen, the Netherlands: Styx Publications.

18. Partyka, S.C. (1984). Simple models of fatality trends using employment and population data. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 16, 211-222.

19. Adams, J.G.U. (1985). Risk and Freedom: the record of road safety regulation. London: Transport Publishing Projects.

20. Mercer, G.W. (1987). Influences on passenger vehicle casualty accident frequency and severity: unemployment, driver gender, driver age, drinking driving and restraint device use. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 19, 231-236.

21. International Labour Office (various years). Yearbook of labour statistics. Geneva, Switzerland.

22. National Safety Council (various years). Accident facts. Chicago, IL.

23. Statistics Canada (various years). Causes of death, vital statistics. Ottawa.

24. Metzner, G. and Brinkmann, B. (1993). Inaccuracies in the official accident statistics of fatal traffic accidents: comparative studies in West Germany during two time periods. Journal of Traffic Medicine, 21, 165-169.

25. Hutchinson, T.P. (1987). Road accident statistics. Adelaide, Australia: Rumsby Scientific Publishing.

26. Harano, R.M., Peck, R.C. and McBride, R.S. (1975). The prediction of accident liability through biographical data and psychometric tests. Journal of Safety Research, 7, 16-52.

27. Chebat, J.C. and Chandon, J.L. (1986). Predicting attitudes towards road safety from present and future time orientations: an economic approach. Journal of Economic Psychology, 7, 477-499.

28. Bartels, K. (1976). Über die Wirksamkeit von Arbeitssicherheitsprämien. Dortmund, Germany: Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Unfallforschung, p. 15.

29. Wilde, G.J.S. (1994). Risk homeostasis theory and its promise for improved safety. In R.M. Trimpop and G.J.S. Wilde (eds.), Challenges to accident prevention: The issue of risk compensation behaviour. Groningen, the Netherlands: Styx Publications.

30. Wilde, G.J.S. and Kunkel, E. (1984). Die begriffliche und empirische Problematik der Risikokompensation. Zeitschrift f?r Verkehssicherheit, 30, 52-61.

31. Wilde, G.J.S. (1991). Issues that remain: commentary on Session 3. Proceedings, Enforcement and rewarding: Strategies and effects. International road safety symposium. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and the European Conference of Ministers of Transport, pp. 157-163.

32. Wilde, G.J.S. (1982). Critical issues in risk homeostasis theory. Risk Analysis, 2, 249-259.

33. Shannon, H.S. (1986). Road accident data: interpreting the British experience with particular reference to risk homeostasis theory. Ergonomics, 29, 1005-1015.

34. Evans, L. (1986). Risk homeostasis theory and traffic accident data. Risk Analysis, 6, 81-94.

35. Hoyos, C.G. (1984). Stellungnahme zu einer Diskussion über die Theorie der Risikokompensation. Zeitschrift für Verkehrssicherheit, 30, 61-62.

36. McKenna, F.P. (1987). Behavioural compensation and safety. Journal of Occupational Accidents, 9, 107-121.

37. Wilde, G.J.S. (1989). Accident countermeasures and behavioural compensation: the position of risk homeostasis theory. Journal of Occupational Accidents, 10, 267-292.

38. Brodsky, H. and Hakkert, A.S. (1988). Risk of a road accident in rainy weather. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 20, 161-176.

39. Adams, J.G.U. (1985). Smeed's law, seat belts and the emperor's new clothes. In L. Evans and R.C. Schwing (Eds.), Human behaviour and traffic accidents. New York: Plenum.

40. OECD (1976). Adverse weather, reduced visibility and road safety: driving in reduced visibility due to adverse weather. Paris: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.

41. Rutherford, G.S. and Schofer, J.L. (1976). Analysis of pedestrian travel characteristics. Paper presented at the 55th Annual Pedestrian Research Board, Washington, DC, January 19-23.

42. Palutikof, J.P. (1991). Road accidents and the weather. In A.H. Perry and L.J. Symons (Eds.), Highway meteorology. London: E. and F.N. Spon.

43. Musk, L.F. (1991). The fog hazard. In A.H. Perry and L.J. Symons (Eds.), Highway meteorology. London: E. and F.N. Spon.

44. Seddiki, E. (1993). Impact de la pluie sur le trafic autoroutier. Recherche - Transports - S?curit?, No. 41, 13-24.

45. Wilde, G.J.S. and Ackersviller, M.J. (1982). The effect of posting observed driver behaviour upon subsequent driver response: The case of moving speed. Report prepared for Transport Canada, Traffic Safety, July.

46. National Cooperative Highway Research Program, Highway Research Board, (1968). Effects of illumination and operating characteristics of freeways. Report No. 60, Washington, DC, p. 42.

47. Hawkett, D.C.L. (1978). Speeds and headways of vehicles on rural roads. Traffic Engineering and Control, 19, 71.

48. Wilde, G.J.S. (1977). Shoulder belt use related to sex, age, moving speed and weather conditions. Transport Canada, Road Safety, Report No. TP1093/CR7709, Ottawa.

49. Wilde, G.J.S. (1982). Critical issues in risk homeostasis theory. Risk Analysis, 2, 249-258.

50. Wilde, G.J. S. (1988). Risk homeostasis theory and traffic accidents: Propositions, deductions and discussion of dissension in recent reactions. Ergonomics, 31, 441-468.

Часть 6:

1. Shakespeare, W. Macbeth, Act III, Scene 5.

2. Prothero, J.C. (1978). Evaluation of an experimental treatment for problem drivers. Human Factors, 20, 489-493.

3. Schmidt, L. (1988). Implications of new risk models for the analysis of traffic safety as well as for other traffic-related problems. In J.A. Rothengatter and R.A. de Bruin (eds), Road user behaviour: Theory and research. Wolfeboro, New Hampshire: Van Gorcum.

4. Wilde, G.J.S. (1985). The use of incentives for the promotion of accident-free driving. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, Supplement No. 10, 161-167.

5. Lichtenberg, G.C. (1742-1799). Aphorisms and letters. Translated and edited by F. Mautner and H. Hatfield (1969). London: Jonathan Cape, p.80.

6. Brown, I.D., Groeger, J.A. and Biehl, B. Is driver training contributing enough towards road safety? In J.A. Rothengatter and R.A. de Bruin (Eds.), Road users and traffic safety. Wolfeboro, New Hampshire: Van Gorcum, pp.135-156.

7. Richter, I.A. (1952). Selections from the Notebooks of Leonardo da Vinci. London: Oxford University Press, p. 278.

8. Potvin, L., Champagne, F. and Laberge-Nadeau, C. (1988). Mandataory driver training and road safety: The Quebec experience. American Journal of Public Health, 78, 1206-1209.

9. Skelly, G.B. (1968). Aspects of driving experience in the first year as a qualified driver. Report LR149, Road Research Laboratory, Crowthorne, England.

10. Jonah, B.A., Dawson, N.E. and Bragg, B.W.E. (1982). Are formally trained motorcyclists safer? Accident Analysis and Prevention, 14, 247-255.

11. Lund, A.K. and Williams, A.F. (1985). A review of the literature evaluating the defensive driving course. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 17, 449-460.

12. Lund, A.K., Williams, A.F. and Zador, P. (1986). High school driver education Further evaluation of the DeKalb County study. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 18, 349-357.

13. Sheppard, D., Henry, J.P. and Mackie, A.M. (1973). Faults in the driving test and their relationship with subsequent accidents. Technical Note TN 782. Transport and Road Research Laboratory, Crowthorne, England.

14. Conley, J.A. and Smiley, R. (1976). Driver licensing as a predictor of subsequent violations. Human Factors, 18, 565-574.

15. Williams, A.F. and O'Neill, B. (1974). On-the-road driving records of licensed race drivers. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 6, 263-270.

16. Mahalel, D. and Szternfeld, Z. (1986). Safety improvements and driver perception. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 18, 37-42.

17. Viscusi, W.K. (1984). The lulling effect: The impact of child-resistant packaging on aspirin and analgesic ingestions. American Economic Review, 74, 324-327.

18. Roer, P.O. (1961). Pedestrian crossovers. Traffic Engineering, 13, 21-22.

19. OECD (1979). Road safety campaigns: Design and evaluation. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.

20. OECD (1978). Chairman's report and report of sub-group III: Mass media communications for pedestrian safety. Crowthorne GB: Transport and Road Research Laboratory.

21. Wilde, G.J.S. (1993). Effects of mass media communications on health and safety habits: An overview of issues and evidence. Addiction, 88, 983-996.

22. Fishbein, M. and Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention and behavior. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley.

23. Kapferer, J.N. (1978). Les chemins de la persuasion. Paris: Gauthier-Villars.

24. Kapferer, J.N. (1978). Les chemins de la persuasion. Paris: Gauthier-Villars.

25. Beltramini, R.F. (1988). Perceived believability of warning label information presented in cigarette advertising. Journal of Advertising, 17, 26-32.

26. Piccolino, E.B. (1968). Depicted threat, realism and specificity: Variables governing safety poster effectiveness. Doctoral dissertation, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago; Dissertation Abstracts International, 28B, 4330).

27. Adams, J.G.U. (1988). Why more condoms may not contain the spread of Aids. London: The Independent, Jan. 8.

28. Ng, W-J. (October, 1992). The impact of public service announcements on AIDS risk perception and preventive health behaviours. Ph.D. thesis, Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario.

29. Smart, R.G. (1988). Does alcohol advertising affect overall consumption? A review of empirical studies. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 49, 310-323.

30. Wilde, G.J.S. (1993). Effects of mass media communications on health and safety habits: An overview of issues and evidence. Addiction, 88, 983-996.

31. Elliot, B.J. (1991). Effective mass communication campaigns: A source book of guidelines. Canberra, Australia: Federal Office of Road Safety, Department of Transport and Communications.

32. McGuire, W.J. quoted by Sandell, R. (1977). Linguistic style and persuasion. London: Academic Press.

33. Naisbitt, J. (1961). The great holiday massacre: A study of impact. Traffic Safety, 58, 12-15, 36, 48-49.

34. Bhalla, S. K. and Biehl, B. (1972). Influence of speed limits on driver behaviour in Austria. Kleine Fachbuchreihe, Band 11. Vienna, Austria: Kuratorium f?r Verkehrssicherheit, pp. 53-60.

35. Kapferer, J.N. (1978). Les chemins de la persuasion. Paris: Gauthier-Villars.

36. Wilde, G.J.S. (1993). Effects of mass media communications on health and safety habits: An overview of issues and evidence. Addiction, 88, 983-996.

37. Schramm, W.and Roberts, D.F. (Eds.) (1972). The process and effects of mass communication. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois Press.

38. Labadie, M.J. and L'Hoste, J. (1978). Influence sociale et sécurité routière: réalisation d'une campagne expérimentale d'incitation au port de la ceinture de sécurité,. Paris:Organisme National de Sécurité Routière.

39. Wilde, G.J.S. and Ackersviller, M.J. (1981). Accident journalism and traffic safety education. Ottawa: Transport Canada, Traffic Safety, Report No. TP 3659 E/CR 8202.

40. Maccoby, N., Farquhar, J.W., Wood, P.D. and Alexander, J. (1977). Reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease: Effects of a community-based campaign on knowledge and behavior. Journal of Community Health, 3, 100-114.

41. Ettema, J.S., Brown, J.W. and Luepker, R.V. (1983). Knowledge gap effects in a health information campaign. Public Opinion Quarterly, 47, 516-527.

42. Baggeley, J.P. (1988). Perceived effectiveness of international AIDS campaigns. Health Education Research, 3, 7-17.

43. Hauer, E. (1990). The behaviour of public bodies and the delivery of road safety. Proceedings, Enforcement and Rewarding, International Road Safety Symposium (OECD), Copenhagen, Sept. 19-21, pp. 134-138.

44. Ås, B. (1970). Trafikantopploering--Trafikksikkerhet: en kritisk trafikkteoretisk analyse. Oslo: Utvalg for Trafikksikkerhetsforskning, p. 118.

45. Morris, J.P. (1972). Road safety publicity: Quantifying the effectiveness of public service advertising. London: The Advertising Association.

Часть 7:

1. Beckett, S. (1952). En attendant Godot, pi?ce en deux actes. Paris: Editions de Minuit.

2. Aschenbrenner, M. and Biehl, B. (1994). Improved safety through improved technical measures? Empirical studies regarding risk compensation processes in relation to anti-lock braking systems. In R. M. Trimpop and G.J.S. Wilde, Challenges to accident prevention: The issue of risk compensation behaviour. Groningen, the Netherlands: Styx Publications.

3. Hauer, E. and Garder, P. (1986). Research into the validity of the traffic conflicts technique. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 18, 471-481.

4. OECD (1990). Behavioural adaptations to changes in the road transport system. Paris: Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development; Road Transport Research, p. 5.

5. Grant, B.A. and Smiley, A (1993). Driver response to antilock brakes: a demonstration of behavioural adaptation. Proceedings, Canadian Multidisciplinary Road Safety Conference VIII, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, June 14-16.

6. OECD (1990). Behavioural adaptations to changes in the road transport system. Paris: Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development; Road Transport Research, p. 6.

7. Gibson, J.J. and Crooks, L.E. (1938). A theoretical field analysis of automobile-driving. The American Journal of Psychology, 11, 453-471.

8. Wilde, G.J.S. (1990). Véhicule informatisé et sécurité routière. Recherche -Transports -Sécurité, No. 26, 29-36.

9. Johnson, M.S., Jurik, N.C., Kreb, A.R. and Rose, T.L. (1978). The wheels of misfortune: A time series analysis of bicycle accidents on a college campus. Evaluation Quarterly, 4, 608-619.

10. Box, P.C. (1970). Intersections. Chapter 4 in Traffic control and roadway elements; their relationship to highway safety, revised. Highway Users Federation for Safety and Mobility, Washington, D.C., USA.

11. Short, M.S., Woelfl, G.A. and Chang, C.J. (1982). Effects of traffic signal installation on accidents. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 14, 135-145.

12. King, G.F. and Goldblatt R.B. (1975). The relationship of accident pattern to type of intersection control. Paper presented at The 55th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., January.

13. Roer, P.O. (1968). Traffic safety and the use of intersection control devices. Proceedings of the 1968 Convention of the Canadian Good Roads Association, Toronto, Sept. 30-Oct. 3, pp. 538-553.

14. Kallberg, V.P. (1992). The effects of reflector posts on driving behaviour and accidents on two-lane rural roads in Finland. Helsinki: The Finnish National Road Administration Technical Development Center, Report 59/1992.

15. Peltzman, S. (1975). The effects of automobile safety regulation. Journal of Political Economy, 83, 677-725.

16. Conybeare, J.A.C. (1980). Evaluation of automobile safety regulations: The case of compulsive seatbelt legislation in Australia. Policy Sciences, 12, 27-39.

17. Blomquist, G.C. (1988). The regulation of motor vehicle and traffic safety. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers. [18] Zlatoper, T.J. (1989). Models explaining motor vehicle death rates in the United States. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 21, 125-154.

Часть 8:

1. Horace, Odes III, 24, 35.

2. Hurst, P.M. (1978). "Epidemiological aspects of alcohol in driver crashes and citations," cited in OECD, New research on the role of alcohol and drugs in road accidents. Paris.

3. Hurst, P.M., Harte, D. and Frith, W.J. (1994). "The Grand Rapids Dip revisited." Accident Analysis and Prevention, 26, 647-654.

4. Wilde, G.J.S. (1990). "Questioning the progress: the matter of yardsticks and the influence of the economic juncture." Proceedings, 11th International Conference on Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety, Chicago, Ill., Oct. 24-27, pp. 106-114.

5. Wilde, G.J.S. (1985). "The use of incentives for the promotion of accident-free driving." Journal of Studies on Alcohol, Supplement No. 10, pp. 161-167.

6. Ross, H.L. (1982). Deterring the drinking driver: legal policy and social control. Lexington, Mass.: D.C. Heath Co.

7. Wilde, G.J.S. (1990). "Questioning the progress: the matter of yardsticks and the influence of the economic juncture." Proceedings, 11th International Conference on Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety, Chicago, Ill., Oct. 24-27, pp. 106-114.

8. Rockerbie, R.A. (1980). Counterattack: perspectives and assessment. Vancouver: Policy Planning Division, Ministry of the Attorney General.

9. Toronto Star (1989). Dec. 27.

10. Streff, F.M. and Geller, E.S. (1988). "An experimental study of risk compensation: between-subject versus within-subject analysis." Accident Analysis and Prevention, 20, 277-297.

11. Janssen, W. (1994). "Seatbelt wearing and driving behavior: an instrumented-vehicle study." Accident Analysis and Prevention, 26, 249-261.

12. Mitchell, A. (February 1988). Quoted in Care on the Road, p. 1.

13. Adams, J.G.U. Risk and freedom: the record of road safety regulation. London: Transport Publishing Projects.

14. Adams, J.G.U. (1985). "Smeed's law, seat belts and the emperor's new clothes." In L. Evans & R.C. Schwing (Eds.), Human behavior and traffic safety. New York: Plenum, pp. 193-245.

15. Carr, A.F., Schnelle, J.F. and Kirchner, R.E. (1980). "Police crackdowns and slowdowns: a naturalistic evaluation of changes in police traffic enforcement." Behavioral Assessment, 2, 33-41.

16. Wilde, G.J.S. (1981). "A critical view of countermeasure development and evaluation." In D.L. Goldberg (Ed.), Alcohol, drugs and traffic safety. Stockholm: Almqvist, pp. 1145-1159.

17. Mackay, M. (1985). Comment in L. Evans and R.C. Schwing (Eds.), Human behavior and traffic safety. New York: Plenum, pp. 39.

18. Evans, L. (1986). "Risk homeostasis theory and traffic accident data." Risk Analysis, 6, 81-94, p.84.

19. Koshi, M. "Road safety measures in Japan." In L. Evans and R.C. Schwing (Eds.), Human behavior and traffic safety. New York: Plenum, pp. 27-41.

20. Wilde, G.J.S. (1988). "Risk homeostasis theory and traffic accidents: propositions, deductions and discussion of dissension in recent reactions." Ergonomics, 31, 441-468.

21. Wilde. G.J.S. (1982). "Critical issues in risk homeostasis theory." Risk Analysis, 2, 249-258.

Часть 9:

1. Chapanis, A. (1967). The relevance of laboratory studies to practical situations. Ergonomics, 10, 557-577.

2. Rosenthal, R. (1975). The volunteer subject. New York: Wiley.

3. Wilde, G.J.S., Claxton-Oldfield, S.P. and Platenius, P.H. (1985). Risk homeostasis in an experimental context. In L. Evans and R.C. Schwing (Eds.), Human behavior and traffic safety. New York: Plenum Press, pp. 119-142.

4. Wilde, G.J.S. (1988) Risk taking in psychomotor and cognitive tasks as a function of probability of loss, skill and other person-related variables. In T. Rothengatter and R. de Bruin (Eds.), Road user behaviour: Theory and research. Wolfeboro, New Hampshire: Van Gorcum, pp. 120-132.

5. Wilde, G.J.S. (1994). New techniques for determining subjects' risk-taking tendency in their task performance. In R.M. Trimpop and G.J.S. Wilde (Eds.), Challenges to accident prevention: The issue of risk compensation behaviour. Groningen, the Netherlands: Styx Publications.

6. Wilde, G.J.S., Trimpop, R.M. and Joly, R. (1989). The effects of various amounts of ethanol upon risk-taking tendency and confidence in task performance. Proceedings, 11th International Conference on Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety. Chicago, Illinois, Oct. 24-27, pp. 494-499.

7. Gerondeau, C. (1979). La mort inutile. Paris: Plon.

Часть 10:

1. Tillmann, W.A. and Hobbs, G.E. (1949). The accident-prone automobile driver. American Journal of Psychiatry, 106, 321-331.

2. Dickenson, R.A.V. (December, 1987). An experimental investigation of risk homeostasis theory. M.A. Thesis, Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario.

3. Trimpop, R.M. (September, 1990). Risk-taking behaviour: Development and empirical examination of risk motivation theory. Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario.

4. Heino, A., van der Molen, H.H. and Wilde, G.J.S. (1992). Risk-homeostatic processes in car-following behaviour: Individual differences in car-following and perceived risk. Report VK 92-02, Traffic Research Centre, University of Groningen, the Netherlands, p.31.

5. Jackson, D.N., Hourany, L. and Vidmar, N.J. (1972). A four-dimensional interpretation of risk taking. Journal of Personality, 40, 483-501.

6. Zuckerman, M. (1983). Sensation seeking: Beyond the optimal level of arousal. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum, p.10.

7. Horvath, P. and Zuckerman, M. (1993). Sensation seeking, risk appraisal and risky behavior. Personality and Individual Differences, 14, 41-52.

8. Heino, A., van der Molen, H.H. and Wilde, G.J.S (in press). Individual differences in car-following and perceived risk. Traffic Research Centre, University of Groningen, the Netherlands.

9. Trimpop, R.M. (September, 1990). Risk-taking behaviour: Development and empirical examination of risk motivation theory. Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario.

10. Burns, P.C. (June, 1992). Risk taking in male drivers: Relationships among personality, experimental measures, observational data and driver records. M.A. Thesis, Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario.

11. Clement, R. and Jonah, B.A. (1984). Field dependence, sensation seeking and driving behaviour. Personality and Individual Differences, 5, 87-93.

12. Bouter, L.M., Knipschild, P.G., Feij, J.A. and Volovics, A. (1988). Sensation seeking and injury risk in downhill skiing. Personality and Individual Differences, 9, 667-673.

13. Walker, M.B. (1992). The psychology of gambling. Oxford: Pergamon Press, p.100.

14. Lester, J. (1991). Individual differences in accident liability: A review of the literature. Research Report 306. Transport and Road Research Laboratory, Crowthorne, Berkshire UK.

15. Evans, G.W., Palsane, M.N. and Carrere, S. (1987). Type A behaviour and occupational stress: A cross-cultural study of blue-collar workers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 1002-1007.

16. West, R., Elander, J. and French, D. (1993). Mild social deviance, TypeA behaviour pattern and decision-making style as predictors of self-reported driving style and traffic accident risk. British Journal of Psychology, 84, 207-219.

17. Campbell, B.J. (1971). Who really causes the accidents? Traffic Safety, December, 22-24.

18. Johnson, H.M. (1946). The detection and treatment of accident-prone drivers. Psychological Bulletin, 43, 489-532.

19. Peck, R.C., McBride, R.S. and Coppin, R.S. (1971). The distribution and prediction of driver accident frequencies. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 2, 243-299.

20. Forbes, T.W. (1939). The normal automobile driver as a traffic problem. Psychological Bulletin, 20, 471-474.

21. Gilbert, D.T. (1989). Thinking lightly about others: Automatic components of the social inference process. In J.S. Uleman and J.A. Bargh (eds), Unintended thoughts. New York: Guilford, pp.189-211.

22. Hutchinson, T.P. (1987). Road accident statistics. Adelaide, South Australia: Rumsby Scientific Publishing, p. 223.

23. The 2 by 2 contingency table with the percentage entries mentioned yields a tetrachoric correlation of about r = .30

24. Elander, J., West, R. and French, D. (1993). Behavioral correlates of individual difference in road-traffic crash risk: An examination of methods and findings. Psychological Bulletin, 113, 279-294.

25. McGuire, F.L. (1976). Personality factors in highway accidents. Human Factors, 18, 433-442.

26. McMurray, L. (1970). Emotional stress and driving performance: The effects of divorce. Behavioral Research in Driving Safety, 1, 100-114.

27. Echterhoff, W. (1985). Verletzung durch einen Kraftfahrzeugunfall als Ausgangspunkt für Sicherheitswerbung. Bergisch Gladbach D: Forschungsberichte der Bundesanstalt für Strassenwesen.

28. Montag., I. and Comrey, A.L. (1987). Internality and externality as correlates of involvement in fatal driving accidents. Journal of Applied Psychology, 72, 339-343.

29. Häkkinen, S. (1979). Traffic accidents and professional driver characteristics: A follow-up study. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 11, 7-18.

30. Aronoff, C.J. (1971), cited in Shinar, D. (1978). Psychology on the road: The human factor in traffic safety. New York: Wiley.

31. Simpson, H.M. and Beirness, D.J. (1993). Traffic accidents and youth: Alcohol and other lifestyle factors. Proceedings of a Symposium "A Decade of Progress". Baltimore, Maryland, April 1-2, 1992, Journal of the Alcoholic Beverage Medical Research Foundation, 3, 77-84.

32. Wilkinson, B. (1951). A statistical consideration in psychological research. Psychological Bulletin, 48, 156-158.

33. Hilakivi, I., Veilahti, J., Asplund, P., Sinivuo, J., Laitinen, L. and Koskenvuo, K. (1989). A sixteen-factor personality test for predicting automobile driving accidents of young drivers. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 21, 413-418.

34. Select Committee on Highway Safety (1977). Final Report. Toronto: Government of Ontario, September, Exhibit III-2.

35. Shinar, D. (1978). Psychology on the road: The human factor in traffic safety. New York: Wiley.

36. Ball, K., Owsley, C., Sloane, M.E., Roenker, D.L. and Bruni, J.R. (1993). Visual attention problems as a predictor of vehicle crashes in older drivers. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 34, 3110-3123.

37. Grayson, G. and Noordzij, P. (1990). Facteurs individuels et sociaux influen?ant la probabilit? d'accidents. Proceedings, International Symposium organised by La Prévention Routière, May 16-18, 1989. Caen F: Paradigme, pp. 635-641.

38. Taylor, D.H. (1964). Driver's galvanic skin response and the risk of accident. Ergonomics, 7, 439-451.

39. Ganton, N. and Wilde, G.J.S. (1971). Verbal ratings of estimated danger by drivers and passengers as a function of driving experience. Report prepared for the Roads and Motor Vehicle Traffic Safety Division, Ministry of Transport, Ottawa.

40. Elander, J., West, R. and French, D. (1993). Behavioral correlates of individual difference in road-traffic crash risk: An examination of methods and findings. Psychological Bulletin, 113, 279-294.

41. Lester, J. (1991). Individual differences in accident liability: A review of the literature. Research Report 306. Transport and Road Research Laboratory, Crowthorne, Berkshire UK.

42. Wilde, G.J.S. (1993). Improve risk perception and reduce risk acceptance: Two proposals for driver education. Proceedings, Working Conference on Novice Driver Education, Edmonton: University of Alberta, April 22-23.

43. Ball, I.L., Farnill, D. and Wangeman, J.F. (1984). Sex and age differences in sensation seeking: Some national comparisons. British Journal of Psychology, 75, 257-265.

44. Lester, J. (1991). Individual differences in accident liability: A review of the literature. Research Report 306, Transport and Road Research Laboratory, Crowthorne, Berkshire UK.

Часть 11:

1. Bertalanffy, L. (1968). General system theory. New York: G. Braziller.

2. Bonnie, R.J. (1985). The efficacy of law as a paternalistic instrument. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 29, 131-211.

3. Wilde, G.J.S. (1981). A critical view of countermeasure development and evaluation. In L. Goldberg, Alcohol, drugs and traffic safety. Stockholm: Almqvist and Wiksell, pp. 1145-1159.

4. Arnold, H.J. (1989). Sanctions and rewards: Organizational perspective. In M.L. Friedland (Ed.), Sanctions and rewards in the legal system: A multidisciplinary approach. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

5. Dewar, R.E. (1972). Permissive versus prohibitive symbols for regulatory traffic control signs. Proceedings, International Conference on Highway Sign Symbology, Washington, DC, June.

6. D'Arcy St. Pierre, M. (1968). Personal communication. Police Department, Montréal.

7. Cramton, A.C. (1969). Driver behaviour and legal sanctions: A study of deterrence. Michigan Law Review, 63, 421-454.

8. NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society (1974). Alcohol and traffic safety: A review in quest of remedies. Ottawa: Transport Canada. Road Safety, Report No. CTS-1a-74.

9. Wilde, G.J.S. (1975). Evaluation of effectiveness of public education and information programmes related to alcohol, drugs and traffic safety. In S. Israelstam and S. Lambert (Eds.), Alcohol, drugs and traffic safety. Toronto: Addiction Research Foundation of Ontario, pp. 813-823.

10. Klette, H. (1972). Om social kontroll av grovre trafikbrottslighet. (On legal control of serious traffic offences). Lund, Sweden: University of Lund, Departments of Law and Sociology.

11. Steers, R.M. and Porter, L.W. (1991). Motivation and work behavior. Fifth edition. New York: McGraw-Hill.

12. Wilde. G.J.S. (1992). Accident prevention through incentives for safety in industry and road traffic: An analysis of international experience. Proceedings, International GfS Summer Symposium, Gelsenkirchen D., June 15-17, pp. 61-67.

13. Harano, R.M. and Hubert, D.E. (1974). An evaluation of California's "good driver" incentive program. Report No. 6, California Division of Highways, Sacramento.

14. Wilde, G.J.S. (1988). Incentives for safe driving and insurance management. In C.A. Osborne, Report of inquiry into motor vehicle accident compensation in Ontario, Vol. II. Toronto: Queen's Printer for Ontario, pp. 464-511.

15. Gros, J. (1989). Das Kraft-Fahr-Sicherheitsprogramm. Personalf?hrung, No. 3, 246-249.

16. Haynes, R.S., Pine, R.C., and Fitch, H.G. (1982). Reducing accident rates with organizational behaviour modification. Academy of Management Journal, 25, 407-416.

17. Fox, D.K., Hopkins, B.L. and Anger, W.K. (1987). The long-term effects of a token economy on safety performance in open pit mining. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 20, 215-224.

18. McAfee, R.B. and Winn, A.R. (1989). The use of incentives/feedback to enhance work place safety: A critique of the literature. Journal of Safety Research, 20, 7-19.

19. Guastello, S.J. (1991). The comparative effectiveness of occupational accident reduction programs. Paper presented at the International Symposium, Alcohol Related Accidents and Injuries, Yverdon-les-Bains , Switzerland, Dec. 2-5.

20. Fox, D.K., Hopkins, B.L. and Anger, W.K. (1987). The long-term effects of a token economy on safety performance in open pit mining. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 20, 215-224.

21. Bruening, J.C. (1989). Incentives strengthen safety awareness. Occupational Hazards, 51, 49-52.

22. McAfee, R.B. and Winn, A.R. (1989). The use of incentives/feedback to enhance work place safety: A critique of the literature. Journal of Safety Research, 20, 7-19.

23. Barmack, J.E. and Payne, P.E. (1961). The Lackland accident countermeasure experiment. Highway Research Board Proceedings, 40, 513-522.

24. Robertson, S. (1980). Crash involvement of teenaged drivers when driver education is eliminated from high school. American Journal of Public Health, 70, 599-603.

25. Harano, R.M. and Hubert, D.E. (1974). An evaluation of California's 'good driver' incentive program. Report No. 6, California Division of Highways, Sacramento.

26. Wilde, G.J.S. (1988). Incentives for safe driving and insurance management. In C.A. Osborne, Report of inquiry into motor vehicle accident compensation in Ontario, Vol. II. Toronto: Queen's Printer for Ontario, pp. 464-511, p.507.

27. Wilde, G.J.S. (1991). Risk homeostasis theory and its promise for improved safety. Proceedings, VTT Symposium, No. 124, Nurmes, Finland, August 7-10, 1989, pp. 7-30.

28. Wilde. G.J.S. (1992). Accident prevention through incentives for safety in industry and road traffic: An analysis of international experience. Proceedings, International GfS Summer Symposium, Gelsenkirchen D., June 15-17, pp. 61-67.

29. McAfee, R.B. and Winn, A.R. (1989). The use of incentives/feedback to enhance work place safety: A critique of the literature. Journal of Safety Research, 20, 7-19.

30. Karasina, N.I. (1977). Psychological an material incentives for the improvement of workplace conditions (in Russian). Moscow: Scientific Research Institute for Occupational Safety.

31. Vaaje, T. (1991). Rewarding in insurance: Return of part of premium after a claim-free period. Proceedings, OECD/ECMT Symposium on enforcement and rewarding: Strategies and effects. Copenhagen DK, Sep. 19-21, 1990.

32. Geller, E.S. (1990), quoted by Bruening, J.C. Shaping workers' attitudes toward safety. Occupational Hazards, 52, 49-51.

33. Harano, R.M. and Hubert, D.E. (1974). An evaluation of California's "good driver" incentive program. Report No. 6, California Division of Highways, Sacramento.

34. Starr, C. (1969). Social benefits versus technological risk. What is our society willing to pay for safety? Science, 165, 1232-1238.

35. Wilde, G.J.S. and Murdoch, P.A. (1982). Incentive systems for accident-free and violation-free driving in the general population. Ergonomics, 25, 879-890.

36. Markus, T. (1990). How to set up a safety incentive program. Supervision, July, pp.14-16.

37. Bacher, K. (1989). Erfahrungen mit dem Sicherheitswettbewerb "Sicher arbeiten und 100 Mark gewinnen" bei der Hoogovens Aluminiums Hüttenwerk GmbH. In B. Ludborzs (Ed.), Psychologie der Arbeitssicherheit, 4. Workshop 1988. Heidelberg: Roland Ansager Verlag, 345-346.

38.  Bartels, K. (1976). Über die Wirksamkeit von Arbeitssicherheitsprämien. Dortmund, Germany: Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Unfallforschung.

39. Wilde, G.J.S. (1985). The use of incentives for the promotion of accident-free driving. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, Supplement No. 10, 161-168.

40. Morisey, M. (1988). Award programs reduce costs, improve worker safety records. Occupational Health and Safety, Sept., 64-66.

41. Vogel, C.B. (1991). How to recognize safety. Safety and Health, January, 54-57.

42. Komaki, J., Barwick, K.D. and Scott, L.R. (1978). A behavioral approach to occupational safety: Pinpointing and reinforcing safe performance in a food manufacturing plant. Journal of Applied Psychology, 63, 434-445.

43. Latham, G.P. and Baldes, J.J. (1975). The practical significance of Locke's theory of goal setting. Journal of Applied Psychology, 60, 122-124.

44. Fox, D.K., Hopkins, B.L. and Anger, W.K. (1987). The long-term effects of a token economy on safety performance in open pit mining. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 20, 215-224.

45. Bartels, K. (1976). Über die Wirksamkeit von Arbeitssicherheitsprämien. Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Unfallforschung, Dortmund.

46. Bruening, J.C. (1989). Incentives strengthen safety awareness. Occupational Hazards, 51, 49-52.

47. Doherty, E.M., Nord, W.R. and McAdams, J.L. (1989). Gainsharing and organization development: A productive synergy. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 25, 209-229.

48. Zohar, D. (1980). Promoting use of personal protective equipment by behavior modification techniques. Journal of Safety Research, 12, 78-85.

49. Doherty, E.M., Nord, W.R. and McAdams, J.L. (1989). Gainsharing and organization development: A productive synergy. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 25, 209-229.

50. Peters, R.H. (1991). Strategies for encouraging self-protective employee behavior. Journal of Safety Research, 22, 53-70.

51. Tschnernitschek, E. (1978). Verkehrssicherheitsprogramm eines Vertriebsunternehmens. Berufsgenossenschaft, February.

52. Wilde, G.J.S. (1985). The use of incentives for the promotion of accident-free driving. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, Supplement No. 10, 161-168.

53. Wilde, G.J.S. (1988). Incentives for safe driving and insurance management. In C.A. Osborne, Report of inquiry into motor vehicle accident compensation in Ontario, Vol. II. Toronto: Queen's Printer for Ontario, pp. 464-511.

54. Worrall, J.D. (1983). Safety and the workforce: Incentives and disincentives in workers' compensation. New York State School of Industrial and Labor Relations, Cornell University: ILR Press.

55. Harrington, D.M. and Ratz, M. (1978). The effectiveness of an at-home driver's licensing law test. Report No. 60, California Department of Motor Vehicles, Sacramento.

56. Chich, Y. (1991). L'assurance automobile peut-elle et veut-elle investir dans l'action pr?ventive? Proceedings, OECD/ECMT Symposium on enforcement and rewarding: Strategies and effects. Copenhagen, Sep. 19-21, 1990.

57. Gray, M. (1989). Insurance logic that is blind to safety inventions. Lloyd's List, No. 54340, Nov. 2.

58. Wilde, G.J.S. (1986). Beyond the concept of risk homeostasis: Suggestions for research and application towards the prevention of accidents and lifestyle-related disease. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 18, 377-401, p.398.

59. Wilde, G.J.S. (1988). Incentives for safe driving and insurance management. In C.A. Osborne, Report of inquiry into motor vehicle accident compensation in Ontario, Vol. II. Toronto: Queen's Printer for Ontario, pp. 464-511, p.507.

60. Boyer, M. and Dionne, G. (1987). The economics of road safety. Transportation Research-B, 21B, 413-431.

61. Chich, Y. (1991). L'Assurance automobile peut-elle et veut-elle investir dans l'action préventive? Proceedings, OECD/ECMT Symposium on enforcement and rewarding: Strategies and effects. Copenhagen, Sep. 19-21, 1990, pp.150-153.

62. Worrall, J.D. (1983). Safety and the workforce: Incentives and disincentives in workers' compensation. ILR Press, New York State School of Industrial and Labor Relations, Cornell University.

63. Zwolsche Algemeene Verzekeringen. (1986). Wij rijden zelf ook niet altijd even denderend. Daarom verzekeren we zo compleet. De Telegraaf, August 16.

64. Ewald, F. (in press). Insurance and prevention: Conflict or convergence of reasoning? Proceedings, OECD International Conference on Automobile Insurance and Road Accident Prevention, Amsterdam, April 6-8.

65. Gaudry, M. (1991). Measuring the effects of the no-fault Québec Automobile Act with the DRAG model. In G. Dionne (Ed.), Contributions to insurance economics. Boston, Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp.471-498.

66. Wilde, G.J.S. and Murdoch, P.A. (1982). Incentive systems for accident-free and violation-free driving in the general population. Ergonomics, 25, 879-890.

67. Smith, R.S. (1973-1974). The feasibility of an injury tax approach to occupational safety. Law and Contemporary Problems, 38, 730-744.

68. Hauer, E. (1991). The behaviour of public bodies and the delivery of road safety. Proceedings, OECD/ECMT Symposium on enforcement and rewarding: Strategies and effects. Copenhagen, Denmark, Sep. 19-21, 1990, pp.134-138.

69. Wilde, G.J.S. (1986). Beyond the concept of risk homeostasis: Suggestions for research and application towards the prevention of accidents and lifestyle-related disease. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 18, 377-401.

70. Kamerud, D.B. (1988). Evaluating the new 65 mph speed limit. In J.D., Graham (ed.), Preventing automobile injury. Dover, Massachusetts: Auburn House, pp. 231-256.

71. Pfafferott, I. and Huguenin, R.D. (1991). Adaptation nach Einführung von Sicherheitsmassnahmen. Zeitschrift für Verkehrssicherheit, 37, 71-83.

72. Fox, D.K., Hopkins, B.L. and Anger, W.K. (1987). The long-term effects of a token economy on safety performance in open pit mining. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 20, 215-224.

73. Doherty, E.M., Nord, W.R. and McAdams, J.L. (1989). Gainsharing and organization development: A productive synergy. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science , 25, 209-229.

74. McAfee, R.B. and Winn, A.R. (1989). The use of incentives/feedback to enhance work place safety: A critique of the literature. Journal of Safety Research, 20, 7-19.

75. Op. cit.

Часть 12:

1. Evans, L. (1991). Traffic safety and the driver. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold (Chapter 10).

2. Partyka, S.C. (1988). Lives saved by seat belts from 1983 through 1987. Report No. DOT HS 807 324. Washington, DC: US Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.

3. Wilde, G.J.S. (1986). Beyond the concept of risk homeostasis: Suggestions for research and application towards the prevention of accidents and lifestyle-related disease. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 18, 377-401.

4. Alderson, M.R. (1981). International mortality statistics. New York: Facts on File.

5. Wilde, G.J.S. (1986). Beyond the concept of risk homeostasis: suggestions for research and application towards the prevention of accidents and lifestyle-related disease. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 18, 377-401.

6. Chebat, J.C and Chandon, J.L. (1986). Predicting attitudes toward road safety from present and future orientations: An economic approach. Journal of Economic Psychology, 7, 477-499.

7. Strathman, D. Gleicher, F., Boninger, D.S., and Edwards, C.S. (1994). The consideration of future consequences: Weighing outcomes of behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 742-752.

8. Björgvinsson, Th. and Wilde, G.J.S. (1994). Risky health and safety habits related to the perceived value of the future. Paper presented at the 23rd International Congress of Applied Psychology, Madrid, July 18-22.

9. Ader, R. Felten, D and Cohen, S. (Eds.). (1991). Psychoneuroimmunology. San Diego, California: Academic Press.

10. Strauman, T.J., Lemieux, A.M. and Coe, C.L. (1993) Self-discrepancy and natural killer cell activity: Immunological consequences of negative self-evaluation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 1042-1052. 3